They Never Surrendered
The Lakota Sioux Band That Stayed in Canada
by Ron Papandrea

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After the defeat of Custer at the Battle of the Little Big Horn, June, 1876; thousands of Lakota Sioux went to Canada to escape the American army. Their leaders included Sitting Bull, Four Horns and the two famous Lakota chiefs with the name "Black Moon". Most returned to American reservations within 5 years; but 250 stayed in Canada where their decendants live today. This is their story.

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“A well-told account of a little-known band of Lakota Sioux that resisted return to U.S. reservations. They chose the freedom of the Canadian prairies to the dismal life of the reservations in America.” —ROBERT M. UTLEY, CHIEF HISTORIAN, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE (RETIRED) “They Never Surrendered chronicles the long-missing history of the Lakota who stayed in Canada after Sitting Bull yielded in 1881. Herein, Ron Papandrea presents new data about these peoplethat is at once compelling and comprehensive. This book is an important contribution to our knowledge of the Sioux and the aftermath of the Great Sioux War” —JEROME A. GREENE, RESEARCH HISTORIAN, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE (RETIRED) “Congratulations on your book on the Lakota who remained in Canada. It is very well researched and fills in an important gap in the literature on First Peoples in Canada.” —ARNI BROWNSTONE, ASSISTANT CURATOR, ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM “I enjoyed the way you organized the material. There is a lot of original source material and the book makes it very accessible to the reader. I am recommending it as a resource and I believe others who teach in this area plan to use it as a reader.” —BLAIR STONECHILD, PROFESSOR OF INDIGENOUS STUDIES, FIRST NATIONS UNIVERSITY OF CANADA “Ron’s book detailing the struggle of some Lakota Sioux to survive in Canada after the Custer battle gives the reader a fantastic overview. As a great grandson of Mary Black Moon, a woman who married a Canadian Mountie, raised three daughters with him and eventually brought her daughters to the United States; I know much oral history has been lost. My family and I can now acknowledge our Lakota relatives living in Canada; before the book we never knew they existed. The story does continue even to the present day. Much wopila.” —J.D. WILLIAMS, CHEYENNE RIVER LAKOTA NATION, SOUTH DAKOTA

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Ron Papandrea was born November 9, 1948, of Italian-American parents, Sam and Elizabeth (Gandini) Papandrea. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree from the College of Social Science at Michigan State University and a Juris Doctor degree from Wayne State University Law School. Ron is a life member of the Custer Battlefield Historical & Museum Association. His haiku poetry has been published in Stroker magazine. He lives in Warren, Michigan, but likes to roam.

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Contributors

Author

Ron Papandrea

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